referat.am kursayinner referatner diplomayinner tezer պատվիրել աշխատանքներ description_1 <p><strong>Bibliography</strong></p> <p style="margin-left:36.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <ol> <li>Lightbown P., Spada N. How Languages are learnder Oxford University Press Oxford 1993 p.69-111</li> <li>Savignon, S. 1972. Communicative Competence: An Experiment in Foreign-language Teaching. Philadelphia, Pa.: Center for Curriculum Development.</li> <li>Montgomery, C. and M. Eisenstein. 1985. &#39;Reality revisited: An experi&shy;mental communicative course in ESL.&#39; TESOL Quarterly 19: 317&mdash;34.</li> <li>Long, M. H., L. Adams, M. McLean, and F. Castanos. 1976. &#39;Doing things with words&mdash;verbal interaction in lockstep and small group classroom situ&shy;ations&#39; in J. Fanselow and R. Crymes (eds.): On TESOL 76. Washington, d.c.: tesol. pp. 137-53.</li> <li>Long, M. and P. Porter. 1985. &#39;Group work, interlanguage talk, and second language acquisition&#39;. TESOL Quarterly 19: 207-28.</li> <li>Pica, T., R. Young, and C. Doughty. 1987. &quot;The impact of interaction on comprehension&#39;. TESOL Quarterly 21: 737-59.</li> <li>Yule, G. and D. Macdonald. 1990. &#39;Resolving referential conflicts in L2 interaction: The effect of proficiency and interactive role. Language Learn&shy;ing: 539-56.</li> <li>Krashen, S. 1982. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.</li> <li>Lightbown, P. M. 1992. &#39;Can they do it themselves? A comprehension-based ESL course for young children&#39; in R. Courchene, J. Glidden, J. St. John, and C. Therien (eds.): Comprehension-based Second Language Teach-inglL &#39;Enseignement des langues secondes axe sur la comprehension. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, pp. 353-70.</li> <li>Asher, J. 1972. &#39;Children&#39;s first language as a model for second language learning.&#39; Modern Language Journal&#39;56: 133-9</li> <li>Harley, B. and M. Swain. 1984. &#39;The interlanguage of immersion students and its implications for second language teaching&#39; in A. Davies, C. Griper, and A. Howatt (eds.): Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 291-311.</li> <li>Pienemann, M. 1985. &#39;Learnability and syllabus construction&#39; in K. Hyl-tenstam and M. Pienemann (eds.): Modelling and Assessing Second Language Acquisition. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 23-75.</li> <li>Pienemann, M., M. Johnston, and G. Brindley. 1988. &#39;Constructing an acquisition-based procedure for second language assessment.&#39; Studies in Second Language Acquisition 10: 217-43.</li> <li>Doughty, C. 1991. &#39;Second language instruction does make a difference: Evidence from an empirical study of SL relativization.&#39; Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13/4: 431-69.</li> <li>Ellis, R. 1984. &#39;Can syntax be taught?&#39; Applied Linguistics 5: 138-55.</li> <li>Lightbown, P. M. 1991. &#39;What have we here? Some observations on the role of instruction in second language acquisition&#39; in R. PhilHpson, E. Keller-man, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood-Smith, and M. Swain (eds.): Foreign Lan&shy;guage Pedagogy Research: A Commemorative Volume for Claus F&amp;rch. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.</li> <li>Long, M. H. 1991. &#39;Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology&#39; in K. de Bot, D. Coste, R. Ginsberg, and C. Kramsch (eds.): Foreign Language Research in Cross-cultural Perspective Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 39&mdash;52.</li> <li>Rutherford, W. 1987. &#39;The meaning of grammatical consciousness-raising.&#39; WorldEnglishes 6: 209-16.</li> <li>Spada, N. 1987. &#39;Relationships between instructional differences and learn&shy;ing outcomes: A process-product study of communicative language teach&shy;ing. &#39; Applied Linguistics 8: 137-61.</li> <li>White, L. 1991. &#39;Adverb placement in second language acquisition: some effects of positive and negative evidence in the classroom.&#39; Second Language Research: p.133-61.</li> <li>Day, E. and S. Shapson. 1991. &#39;Integrating formal and functional approaches to language teaching in Native language immersion: An experimental approach.&#39; Language Learning 41: 25&mdash;58.</li> <li>World Book Encyclopedia Vol.3 p.48 Chicago 1993</li> <li>Internet: <a href="http://www.tesol.org/">http://www.tesol.org</a>/ &ndash; various publications</li> <li>Internet: <a href="http://www.oxforduniversitypress.org.uk/">http://www.oxforduniversitypress.org.uk</a>/ &ndash; various publications</li> <li>Internet: <a href="http://www.universityofottawa.ca/teachenglish">http://www.universityofottawa.ca/teachenglish</a>/ - various publications</li> </ol> description_2 <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1. Introduction</p> <p>1.1 General characteristics of the work</p> <p>2.1 How to teach foreign languages (general remarks)</p> <p>2. The Main Part</p> <p>1.2 Comparing instructed and natural settings for language learning</p> <p>2.2 Natural and instructional settings</p> <p>3.2 Classroom comparisons</p> <p>4.2 Five principles for classroom teaching</p> <p>5.2. The principle getting right from the beginning</p> <p>6.2. The principle of saying what you mean and meaning what you say</p> <p>7.2. The principle of listening</p> <p>8.2. Teach what is teacheable</p> <p>9.2. Getting right in the end</p> <p>10.2. Grammar aquisition: Focusing on past tenses and conditionals (work-out)</p> <p>11. 2. The implications of classroom research for teaching</p> <p>3. Conclusion</p> <p>4. Bibliography</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> title_arm General characteristics of the work title_eng convertot_1 General characteristics of the work convertot_2 General characteristics of the work convertot_3 General characteristics of the work convertot_4 General characteristics of the work convertot_5 General characteristics of the work convertot_6 General characteristics of the work convertot_7 General characteristics of the work convertot_8 General characteristics of the work convertot_9 General characteristics of the work convertot_10 General characteristics of the work convertot_11 General characteristics of the work convertot_13 General characteristics of the work convertot_14 General characteristics of the work convertot_15 General characteristics of the work convertot_16 General characteristics of the work convertot_17 General characteristics of the work convertot_18 General characteristics of the work